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History 101: The Indus Valley Civilization: Ancient And Mysterious

Indus Valley Civilization Hindu India History

The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) was a Bronze Age civilization in northwest South Asia, centered along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. One of the world’s earliest urban societies, alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt, it was known for major cities such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Dholavira, among others, characterized by advanced urban planning, grid layouts, standardized brick construction, and sophisticated drainage systems. Image source: Avantiputra7 – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0

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Hindi Movie Review 101: 12th Fail – A Powerful & Uplifting Tale of Resilience

12th Fail IAS Hindi India Exams Public Service

12th Fail (2023) is a biographical drama directed by Vidhu Vinod Chopra, based on the real-life story of IPS officer Manoj Kumar Sharma. The film follows Manoj, a young man from a poor village in Chambal, where cheating in exams is common. After failing his 12th-grade exams due to a crackdown on cheating, Manoj is inspired by an honest police officer to pursue a career in the Indian Police Service. Image source: IMDB

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Nature 101: Embracing Sustainable Living: Tips for a Greener Lifestyle

Green Sustainable Agriculture Environment

A green, sustainable lifestyle involves adopting practices that minimize environmental impact and promote ecological balance while meeting personal needs. It emphasizes reducing energy consumption through renewable sources, conserving water, minimizing waste via recycling and composting, and choosing eco-friendly products like biodegradable goods or second-hand items. Photo by Zen Chung / Pexels

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Military 101: India’s Formidable, Impressive Air Defence System

Air Defence System India Russia

The Vostok radar system is a family of advanced, mobile, 3D air surveillance radars developed by Russia, primarily for air defence and early warning. Designed by Almaz-Antey, it operates in the VHF band, offering long-range detection and tracking of various airborne targets up to 600 km away, including aircraft, missiles, and drones, even in challenging environments with electronic countermeasures. Image source: Unsplash

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Technology 101: AWACS – Dynamics Of Electronic Jamming

AWACS British Aircraft Plane Bristol Beaufighter Radar Early Warning

During World War II, dedicated AWACS aircraft did not exist, but several nations employed radar-equipped planes for detection. A notable example is the British Bristol Beaufighter, a twin-engine heavy fighter fitted with the Airborne Interception (AI) Mk IV radar. Serving the Royal Air Force (RAF) in night operations, it effectively tracked Luftwaffe bombers during the Blitz, with a radar detection range of about 10 miles. Lacking command-and-control capabilities, it relied on ground stations for coordination. Image source: Royal Air Force / Imperial War Museums. 

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Economy 101: Understanding Global External Debt Management

External Debt Economy Money Global

Global external debt refers to the total amount of money that countries owe to foreign creditors. This financial liability can encompass debts to foreign governments, international organizations, or private foreign entities. It is a critical component of a country’s national account, reflecting its borrowing from external sources to fund various activities and developments. Image source: YouTube

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Health 101: The Goodness of Pulses – Indian Lentils and Legumes

Pulses Legume Lentils Indian Food Spices Cooking

Pulses, in essence, are the dried, edible seeds of leguminous plants, such as lentils, beans, chickpeas, and peas. They are nutritional powerhouses, packed with protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them a vital component of healthy and sustainable diets globally. Beyond their nutritional value, pulses play a crucial role in agriculture by fixing nitrogen in the soil, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and contributing to soil health. They are also generally affordable and have a long shelf life, making them an accessible and sustainable food source, particularly in developing countries. Photo by Agung Pandit Wiguna

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Know Your Car Basics 101: The Essential Guide to Car Dashboard Warning Lights

car

While the exact number can vary slightly depending on your car’s make, model, and year, modern vehicles typically have dozens of warning lights on the dashboard. These lights serve various purposes, from alerting you to critical issues requiring immediate attention to indicating that a particular system is active. To get a precise understanding of all the lights in your specific vehicle, it’s always best to consult your car’s owner’s manual. It will provide a detailed explanation of each symbol and the appropriate actions to take when it illuminates. Image source: https://www.businessinsider.my)

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Religion 101: The Ancient Kumbh Mela – A Deep Dive Into The Celebrations

Kumbh Mela Hinduism Religion India History Event

The Maha Kumbh Mela 2025, held in Prayagraj from January 13th to February 26th, 2025, witnessed an extraordinary gathering of faith, with over 400 million devotees expected and reports suggesting the actual attendance surpassed this figure, possibly reaching over 660 million by the conclusion. The logistics involved in managing such a massive congregation are staggering, requiring meticulous planning and execution across various sectors. Image source: Kumbh Camp India

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History 101: The Incredible Silk Road: Bridging East and West

Silk Road History China Europe Map

The Silk Road wasn’t a single, precisely measured road with a definitive length, but rather a network of interconnected trade routes across Asia, connecting the East and West. Its length varied depending on the specific routes taken, but it’s generally estimated to be around 4,000 miles (over 6,400 kilometers). Some estimates even suggest it could have been as long as 7,000 miles (over 11,000 kilometers) if all the branches and connecting paths are considered. Image source: Kelvin / Wikipedia

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Movie 101: 2011 War Horse’s Heartfelt & Beautiful Pre-Credit Closing Scene

War Horse 2011 Movie Cinema Steven Spielberg John Williams Sunset War

War Horse (2011) earned USD178 million worldwide in the box office worldwide, making it the 40th top-grossing movie at the domestic box office first released in 2011. War Horse was recognized as one of the ten best films of 2011 by the American Film Institute and the National Board of Review. It also received several award nominations, including Academy Award nominations for Best Picture, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, Best Sound Editing, and Best Sound Mixing. Image source: IMDB

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Nature 101: Roaring Tigers – Shrinking Population, Urgent Conservation

Malayan Tigers Forest Carnivore Cat Stripes

Malayan tigers, critically endangered and found only on the Malay Peninsula, are smaller than other tiger subspecies. Sporting distinctive, narrower black stripes, they inhabit tropical rainforests but face severe threats from habitat loss due to deforestation and agricultural expansion, as well as poaching for the illegal wildlife trade. Their population is estimated to be fewer than 150 individuals in the wild, making urgent conservation efforts crucial for their survival. They are a national symbol of Malaysia, representing strength and pride. Photo by James Lee/Pexels

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