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Economy 101: The Powerful G20 – History, Members, and Objectives

G20 Economy African European Union

The G20 (Group of Twenty) is the world’s premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together 19 major economies (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States) plus the European Union and, since 2023, the African Union as a permanent member. Together they represent about 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and two-thirds of the world’s population. Image source: Wikipedia / European Union

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Nature 101: Icebergs – Nature’s Frozen Deadly Giants

Iceberg Nature Ice Artic Sea

An iceberg is a massive chunk of freshwater ice that has broken off from glaciers or ice shelves and floats in open water, primarily in polar regions like the Arctic and Antarctic. Comprising compressed snow accumulated over centuries or millennia, it forms when glacial ice reaches the sea and calves into the ocean. Image source: AWeith / Wikimedia

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Military 101: The Evolution of Anti-Tank Weapons in World War II

Anti-Tank Bazooka Military Weapon World War 2

The Bazooka, officially known as the M1 rocket launcher, was a groundbreaking American anti-tank weapon introduced in 1942 during World War II, revolutionizing infantry warfare by providing foot soldiers with a portable means to combat armored vehicles. This shoulder-fired, 2.36-inch diameter tube launched fin-stabilized, high-explosive shaped-charge rockets (like the M6) up to 200 yards effectively, penetrating up to 100mm of armor—enough to cripple German Panzers and Japanese tanks. Image source: U.S. Army Signal Corps/Wikimedia

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Economy 101: Rare Earth – Understanding the Robust Economy

Rare Earth Minerals Economy

The following rare earth oxides, listed clockwise from the top center, are commonly used for tracking sediment movement and pinpointing erosion sources with high precision: praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁), cerium oxide (CeO₂), lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), samarium oxide (Sm₂O₃), and gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃). Each oxide is selected for its unique signature, enabling scientists to map sediment transport, assess erosion rates, and inform watershed management strategies to mitigate environmental degradation. Image source: Wikimedia/By Peggy Greb (US Department of Agriculture)

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Military 101: Modern Assault Rifles: A Global Perspective

M16 AK47 Assault Rifle Weapon Military

The M16 and AK-47 are iconic assault rifles with distinct characteristics: the M16, designed by Eugene Stoner and adopted by the U.S. military, is a lightweight, accurate, gas-operated rifle firing 5.56x45mm NATO rounds, offering a high rate of fire and effective range of around 600 meters, but it requires regular maintenance to avoid jamming in harsh conditions; in contrast, the AK-47, designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov for the Soviet Union, is a rugged, reliable, gas-operated rifle using 7.62x39mm rounds, with a shorter effective range of about 400 meters and less accuracy but superior durability and ease of use in adverse environments, making it a favorite in guerrilla warfare and among militaries worldwide. Image source: Wikipedia/Auge=mit – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

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Nature 101: Embracing Sustainable Living: Tips for a Greener Lifestyle

Green Sustainable Agriculture Environment

A green, sustainable lifestyle involves adopting practices that minimize environmental impact and promote ecological balance while meeting personal needs. It emphasizes reducing energy consumption through renewable sources, conserving water, minimizing waste via recycling and composting, and choosing eco-friendly products like biodegradable goods or second-hand items. Photo by Zen Chung / Pexels

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Economy 101: Understanding Global External Debt Management

External Debt Economy Money Global

Global external debt refers to the total amount of money that countries owe to foreign creditors. This financial liability can encompass debts to foreign governments, international organizations, or private foreign entities. It is a critical component of a country’s national account, reflecting its borrowing from external sources to fund various activities and developments. Image source: YouTube

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Technology 101: Space Debris – Growing Threat and Positive Solutions

Space Debris Satellite Human

This computer-generated image visualizes tracked objects in Earth orbit, approximately 95% of which are non-functional orbital space debris. Each dot represents an object’s current location, scaled for graphic visibility rather than actual size relative to Earth. The greater concentration of objects over the northern hemisphere is largely attributed to Russian debris in high-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits. Image source: NASA Orbital Debris Program Office.

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Nature 101: The Iconic Greenpeace’s History, Events, and Famous Ships

Greenpeace Activist Nature Environment NGO

Greenpeace was founded in 1971 by activists who sailed to Amchitka Island, Alaska to protest nuclear testing. Their actions sparked a movement that has since grown into a global organization with offices in over 55 countries. The organization uses non-violent direct action and creative communication to expose global environmental problems and promote solutions essential to a green and peaceful future. Image source: Greenpeace

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Economy 101: Cryptocurrency: Fueling a New Economic Paradigm

Cryptocurrency Money Cash Investment Economy

Cryptocurrency is defined as a digital or virtual form of currency that employs cryptography for security. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments, cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks that utilize blockchain technology. This revolutionary technological framework enables secure, transparent, and efficient transactions over a peer-to-peer network without the need for intermediaries such as banks or payment processors. Photo by David McBeeRead More »Economy 101: Cryptocurrency: Fueling a New Economic Paradigm

Economy 101: The 10 Biggest Shipping Companies in the World

Suez Canal Shipping Trade Economy Container

Shipping plays a crucial role in the global economy, facilitating the movement of goods and connecting businesses across continents. In 2021, the biggest news in international trade was the incident of a large container ship getting stuck at the Suez Canal, disrupting shipping for 6 days. Image source: The New York Times

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Israel-Palestine Crisis 101: Why We Are Not Pressuring Hamas For Peace?

Hamas Israel Palestine Rocket Gaza Strip

One of the most complex and long-standing conflicts in the world is the one between Israel and Palestine. It dates back to the 1940s, when the aftermath of World War 2 led to the creation of a Jewish state in the Middle East.

Since then, the two sides have been locked in a cycle of violence and mistrust, with no clear solution in sight. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the Palestinian people are divided into two factions, one of which has been launching rockets into Israeli territory. Image source: Twitter

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