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Know Your Car Basics 101: Car Transmissions: Pros and Cons, and Future Trends

Automatic Transmission Car Gearbox

A cutaway view of a 2007 Toyota AA80E hydraulic automatic transmission reveals the intricate internal components that enable its sophisticated operation within a vehicle’s powertrain. This eight-speed automatic transmission, designed for optimal performance and efficiency, showcases a complex arrangement of planetary gear sets, clutches, and bands that work in unison to deliver seamless gear shifts. Image source: Wikimedia / Silverxxx

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Military 101: Modern Anti-Tank Missiles: A Global Perspective

RPG-7 Anti-Tank Missile Russian Weapon Missiles rocket-propelled grenade Afghan National Army

The RPG-7, short for Ruchnoy Protivotankoviy Granatomet (Hand-held Anti-Tank Grenade Launcher), is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s as a successor to the RPG-2, with roots tracing back to World War II-era designs like the German Panzerfaust and American Bazooka. Image source: Staff Sgt. Ezekiel Kitandwe / Wikimedia

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Know Your Car Basics 101: Bad Car Starter – Crucial Engine Component

Starter Motor Engine Ignition Car Vehicle Engineering

A car starter motor is a compact electric motor designed to crank an internal combustion engine to initiate its operation. When the ignition key is turned or the start button is pressed, the starter motor draws power from the car’s battery to rotate the engine’s crankshaft, creating the initial combustion needed for the engine to run independently. Typically, it engages the engine’s flywheel via a small gear called a pinion, which retracts once the engine starts to prevent damage. Image source: Samarins

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Military 101: Modern Assault Rifles: A Global Perspective

M16 AK47 Assault Rifle Weapon Military

The M16 and AK-47 are iconic assault rifles with distinct characteristics: the M16, designed by Eugene Stoner and adopted by the U.S. military, is a lightweight, accurate, gas-operated rifle firing 5.56x45mm NATO rounds, offering a high rate of fire and effective range of around 600 meters, but it requires regular maintenance to avoid jamming in harsh conditions; in contrast, the AK-47, designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov for the Soviet Union, is a rugged, reliable, gas-operated rifle using 7.62x39mm rounds, with a shorter effective range of about 400 meters and less accuracy but superior durability and ease of use in adverse environments, making it a favorite in guerrilla warfare and among militaries worldwide. Image source: Wikipedia/Auge=mit – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

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Space 101: The Big Search for The Elusive Extraterrestrial Life

SETI NRAO Extraterrestrial NASA Space Alien Astronomy

While no definitive evidence of extraterrestrial life has been confirmed, the sheer scale of the cosmos, coupled with the resilience of life in extreme Earth environments, strongly suggests we are not alone. The vastness of the universe, with its billions of galaxies, each containing billions of stars and potentially trillions of planets, makes it statistically improbable that Earth is the only planet harboring life. Image source: National Radio Astronomy Observatory

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Know Your Car Basics 101: Important Fuel Efficiency Secrets

Petrol Station Subsidy Malaysia Fuel Efficiency

Fuel efficiency refers to the ability of a vehicle or system to maximize the distance traveled or work performed per unit of fuel consumed, typically measured in miles per gallon (MPG) or liters per 100 kilometers (L/100 km). It is influenced by factors such as engine design, vehicle weight, aerodynamics, driving habits, and road conditions. Efficient fuel use reduces costs, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and conserves natural resources, making it a critical focus for sustainable transportation. Photo by Sergio Souza from Pexels

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Nature 101: Embracing Sustainable Living: Tips for a Greener Lifestyle

Green Sustainable Agriculture Environment

A green, sustainable lifestyle involves adopting practices that minimize environmental impact and promote ecological balance while meeting personal needs. It emphasizes reducing energy consumption through renewable sources, conserving water, minimizing waste via recycling and composting, and choosing eco-friendly products like biodegradable goods or second-hand items. Photo by Zen Chung / Pexels

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Military 101: India’s Formidable, Impressive Air Defence System

Air Defence System India Russia

The Vostok radar system is a family of advanced, mobile, 3D air surveillance radars developed by Russia, primarily for air defence and early warning. Designed by Almaz-Antey, it operates in the VHF band, offering long-range detection and tracking of various airborne targets up to 600 km away, including aircraft, missiles, and drones, even in challenging environments with electronic countermeasures. Image source: Unsplash

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Technology 101: AWACS – Dynamics Of Electronic Jamming

AWACS British Aircraft Plane Bristol Beaufighter Radar Early Warning

During World War II, dedicated AWACS aircraft did not exist, but several nations employed radar-equipped planes for detection. A notable example is the British Bristol Beaufighter, a twin-engine heavy fighter fitted with the Airborne Interception (AI) Mk IV radar. Serving the Royal Air Force (RAF) in night operations, it effectively tracked Luftwaffe bombers during the Blitz, with a radar detection range of about 10 miles. Lacking command-and-control capabilities, it relied on ground stations for coordination. Image source: Royal Air Force / Imperial War Museums. 

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Know Your Car Basics 101: The Essential Guide to Car Dashboard Warning Lights

car

While the exact number can vary slightly depending on your car’s make, model, and year, modern vehicles typically have dozens of warning lights on the dashboard. These lights serve various purposes, from alerting you to critical issues requiring immediate attention to indicating that a particular system is active. To get a precise understanding of all the lights in your specific vehicle, it’s always best to consult your car’s owner’s manual. It will provide a detailed explanation of each symbol and the appropriate actions to take when it illuminates. Image source: https://www.businessinsider.my)

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Military 101: The Dassault Rafale – History, Variants, Comparisons, and Export Success

Rafale French France Fighter Jet IAF Flight

The Dassault Rafale, a 4.5 generation, twin-engine, multirole fighter jet, was initially procured by India in a 2016 deal for 36 aircraft. These currently operate from IAF bases in Ambala (Haryana) and Hasimara (West Bengal). The Indian Air Force is also reportedly planning to acquire another 40 Rafale jets for its land-based fleet and 26 Rafale-M variants for the Indian Navy’s aircraft carriers, with a potential option to increase the Navy’s order to 62 aircraft. Image source: Capt. Jason Smith / Wikimedia

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Technology 101: Space Debris – Growing Threat and Positive Solutions

Space Debris Satellite Human

This computer-generated image visualizes tracked objects in Earth orbit, approximately 95% of which are non-functional orbital space debris. Each dot represents an object’s current location, scaled for graphic visibility rather than actual size relative to Earth. The greater concentration of objects over the northern hemisphere is largely attributed to Russian debris in high-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits. Image source: NASA Orbital Debris Program Office.

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